๐‡๐จ๐ฐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐–๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ž ๐š ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก ๐๐š๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ- ๐”๐’๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ˆ๐Œ๐‘๐š๐ƒ ๐…๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š

๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ˆ๐Œ๐‘๐š๐ƒ ๐…๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š?
The IMRaD (often pronounced โ€œim-radโ€) format is a systematic writing structure that includes four or five major sections. The little โ€œaโ€ has had multiple interpretations over the years; some would suggest it means nothing other than โ€œand,โ€ as in โ€œIntroduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion,โ€ but others have argued that the โ€œaโ€ should be viewed as โ€œAnalysisโ€ in papers where the โ€œResultsโ€ section may not be immediately clear and a section that analyzes the results is important for reading comprehension. Either way, the โ€œaโ€ often remains in lower-case to indicate that, while itโ€™s often important, it isnโ€™t always necessary.
The goal of using the IMRaD format is to present facts objectively, demonstrating genuine interest and care in developing a new understanding of a topic; when using this format, you donโ€™t explicitly state an argument or opinion, but rather, you rely on collected data and previously researched information in order to make a claim.
The IMRaD format is the most commonly used format for lab reports and journal writing as well as for reporting any planned, systematic research in the social sciences, natural sciences, or engineering and computer sciences.
๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐จ๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง โ€“ ๐–๐ก๐ฒ ๐๐ข๐ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ?
The introduction explains why this research is important or necessary or important. Begin by describing the problem or situation that motivates the research. Move to discuss the current state of research in the field; then reveal a โ€œgapโ€ or problem in the field. Finally, explain how the present research is a solution to that problem or gap. Forecast statement that explains, very briefly, what the rest of the paper will entail, including a possible quick explanation of the type of research that needs to be conducted.
๐Œ๐ž๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐๐ฌ โ€“ ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐๐ข๐ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐๐จ?
The methods section can go in any number of different directions, depending on the type of research you conducted. Regardless of what you did for your research, though, this section needs to be very clear, very specific, very detailed, and only focused on research. Avoid explaining what the research meansโ€“this is for the next section, Discussion. The methods section tells readers how you conducted your study. It includes information about your population, sample, methods, and equipment. Separate each type of research you conducted (interviews, focus groups, experiments, etc.) into sub-sections and only discuss one research method in each sub-section. The gold standard of this section is that it should enable readers to duplicate your study. Methods sections typically use subheadings; they are written in the past tense, and they use a lot of passive voice. This is typically the least-read section of an IMRaD report.
๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐ฌ โ€“ ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐๐ข๐ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ง๐?
The results section is critical for your audience to understand what the research showed. Use this section to show tables, charts, graphs, quotes, etc. from your research. At this point, you are building your reader towards drawn conclusions, but you are not yet providing a full analysis. Youโ€™re simply showing what the data says. In this section, you present your findings. Typically the Results section contains only the findings, not any explanation of or commentary on the findings. Results sections are usually written in the past tense. Make sure all tables and figures are labeled and numbered separately. Captions go above tables and beneath figures.
๐ƒ๐ข๐ฌ๐œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง โ€“ ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐๐จ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ข๐ญ ๐ฆ๐ž๐š๐ง?
Finally, you conclude this paper by suggesting what new knowledge this provides to the field. Summarize your main findings, comment on those findings and connect them to other research. Youโ€™ll often want to note the limitations of your study and what further research still needs to be done. If something alarming or important was discovered, this is where you highlight that information.
Credit: Chittagong University Research and Higher Study Society